The Crown had purchased the lands previously from the Mississauga on as part of the Between the Lakes Treaty. By the Haldimand Proclamation of October 25, 1784, the government granted a tract of land to the Mohawk Nation and Six Nations bands in appreciation of their support for The Crown during the revolution. Mohawk of the Upper Castle joined him in settling on the Grand River, as did bands of the other Six Nations. These were primarily Mohawk of the Lower Castle (of New York).īrant decided that he preferred to settle on the Grand River north of Lake Erie. The group of Mohawk originally led by John Deseronto, who died in the town named after him, settled on the Bay of Quinte known as Tyendinaga. About 200 Mohawk settled with Deseronto at what is now called the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory, Ontario. (There are of course questions about First Nations understanding of such purchase). Haldimand purchased from other First Nations a tract 12 mi (19 km) by 13 mi (21 km) on the Bay of Quinte, which he granted to the Mohawk. Haldimand promised to resettle the Mohawk near the Bay of Quinte, on the northeast shore of Lake Ontario, in present-day Ontario, Canada. Īfter the war, Mohawk leaders John Deseronto and Joseph Brant met with the British officer Frederick Haldimand to discuss the loss of their lands in New York. Many complained that much of lands granted were clay and rock ridden, making the land untenable. Rules and laws were created to prevent the growth of political support for these men by banning all non natives from living and owning any business on reserves. Influential leaders such as Joseph Brant and Deseronto were prevented from granting land to business owners who could have brought industry and agriculture to their lands. Land, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, granted a certain measure of power to their owners. The growth of the Six Nations community was also hampered. The new lands granted to Six Nations reserves were all near important Canadian military targets and placed along the border to prevent any American invasion. The Crown also hoped to use these new settlers, both Native Americans and European Americans, to develop agriculture and towns in areas west of Quebec, the territory later known as Upper Canada. The Crown worked to resettle native Loyalists in Canada and provide some compensation for lands lost in the new United States. These allies were from the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy.Īfter the colonists' victory, the British government ceded all of its territory in the colonies to their new government under a peace treaty, including that belonging to the Six Nations without consulting them or making them party to treaty negotiations. These nations had longstanding trade relations with the British and hoped they might stop European-American encroachment on their territories. Some warriors of the Oneida and Tuscarora also allied with them, as warfare was highly decentralized. Many of the Haudenosaunee people allied with the British during the American Revolutionary War, particularly warriors from the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga and Seneca nations. This represents approximately 5% of the original 950,000 acres (3,800 km 2) of land granted to the Six Nations by the 1784 Haldimand Proclamation. The acreage at present covers some 46,000 acres (190 km 2) near the city of Brantford, Ontario. The Six Nations reserve is bordered by the County of Brant, Norfolk County, and Haldimand County, with a subsection reservation, the New Credit Reserve, located within its boundaries. Some Lenape (also known as Delaware) live in the territory as well. These nations are the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora. It is the only reserve in North America that has representatives of all six Haudenosaunee nations living together. As of the end of 2017, it has a total of 27,276 members, 12,848 of whom live on the reserve. Nations (or Six Nations of the Grand River, French: Réserve des Six Nations, Seneca: Ye:i’ Níónöëdzage:h) is demographically the largest First Nations reserve in Canada.
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